By
Abbie Gentry
In
an earlier post concerning the Architecture Biennale in Venice, I wrote about
the responsibilities of an architect and how “architecture is not only what it
looks like, but what it does.” This week I would like to revisit this simple but
profound statement. However, rather than exploring the “pro bono” duties, I
would like to consider our greatest commission; that is, designing with the
sole purpose of supplying the clients with exactly what they request and need.
In the Biennale post, I wrote that, as architects, “we are charged with the
task to design structurally sound, economical, sustainable buildings that will
fulfill all of the needs of the clients and add beauty to the existing
environment.” Jean Nouvel’s Nemausus Social
Housing Project in Nimes is, in my opinion, an excellent example of designing
with the full intent of answering to the client’s needs while still maintaining
artistic freedoms and innovative strategies. Furthermore, this project
resonated with me in particular because it reminded me of a design/build
project on which I worked this past summer.
Nouvel
aimed to design a housing complex that was low budget and cost-effective with
larger living spaces for the same cost as regular apartment complexes. He also
designed nondescript, multi-functional spaces in order to suit the interior
decorating tastes of different residents. Similarly, the main objective our summer project was to
design a pavilion that was low-maintenance, low budget, and multi-functional
for the plant nursery in the South Carolina Botanical Gardens (SCBG).
Our
professor, Dan Harding, encouraged us to continually consider our basic needs
before becoming distracted by details. He gave us the analogy of hitting as
many apples as possible with one arrow. Each apple represents a basic need or
requirement. If they are all lined up in a row, in order to hit all of them,
you have to change the direction of your arrow or, in other words, change your
perspective. Therefore, you must always be adapting your perspective and
adjusting your design in order to “hit all the apples” and to insure that the
design is always functional and necessary. It would appear that Nouvel also constantly
considered “his apples” because it very evident that every element of his
design is rational and functional.
The
two projects compare on many levels. Nouvel’s apartment unit consisted of a
free plan arrangement with no interior walls. He deliberately designed the
skeleton and infrastructure of the building while leaving the interior “empty
and naked”. This allowed the residents to be free from restrictions when
arranging their individual apartment spaces. The only permanent elements within
the apartments were the placement of the water and light system. Although there
were not interior walls, the exterior walls that separated the apartments from
the verandas were intended to be mobile and adaptable. These walls were multifunctional
because they were sound proof, provided insulation, and were light enough to be
easily moved.
Our
clients requested a covered space that would provide protection from the
elements with a system for secure storage. Because our clients were concerned
with weather inhibiting the safety of people during plant sales since it seemed
to storm every plant sale day, we were also asked to provide a wall system.
Because we did not want to obstruct any of the views of the surrounding gardens
and forest on the site, we were hesitant to build a permanent exterior wall
structure. Therefore, we proposed a moveable wall system. These walls could be
multi-functional in that they would be either slat walls in order to hang
merchandise or they would contain louvers that could be open or closed
according to the weather in order to allow sunlight into the pavilion or to
block out the rain. We also did not want to limit the use of the pavilion with
permanent furniture so we designed a mobile counter system. Two counters, each
containing shelving, faced each other; one anchored to the floor and the other
on a track system. When the counters were moved apart, they created a “cash
wrap” which was ideal for separating the vendors from the customers. When
pushed and locked together, they provided the secure storage as requested by
the clients. Furthermore, when the counters were together, they could function
as a table in a classroom setting for events such as planting seminars. To keep
with the theme of a free plan, our interior space was open with the exception
of a trough that collected rain from an opening in the roof and then allowed
the water to overflow into a garden space.
These
projects closely relate to one another because both were concerned with
creating adaptable spaces. Both involved continuously considering the clients
wishes and thereby reining in perhaps grander schemes in order to create practical,
flexible spaces. Both, in my opinion, are superb examples of successful
architecture.
A
close up of the mobile counter system (when closed)
Diagram
of how the counters on the track system works
Free
interior plan and photograph of one of the apartments
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