Nemausus Housing Project

“Housing in the Mass City” was a lecture in which we studied different examples of social housing, condominiums, high-density residential compounds, etc. We looked at many models, good and bad, of what a housing complex should be. This lecture helped me form my own opinions on what should be included in an apartment complex and what is important in a good design. One example that stood out to me in particular was Jean Nouvel’s Nemausus Social Housing project. This compound contained many of the aspects that I think are important and I therefore find it very successful as well as interesting.

           

            Among the most important things that every social housing project should be is sustainable. Nouvel’s project was sustainable in a few different aspects. Probably the most prominent of these was the way that Nouvel cut construction costs. He used simple, industrial materials and minimal interior finishes. This technique is efficient because it does not use as many materials and they are more readily available so it does not waste fuel trying to transport them a long way to the site. He used a simple structure, which was easy and efficient to build. Nouvel also placed his structures on the site in accordance with sun angles to maximize their heat intake.

            The second thing that I think is very important in a housing compound is an open plan and flexibility, which was one of the main concepts of Nouvel’s project. He organized the plans of each unit to have one main core but with no other dividing walls. This leaves the rooms up to the tenant. I think that this is effective because it serves to leave the space convertible. Another way that Nouvel makes the space flexible is the large wall made of all windows that can also convert into a large sliding glass door. You are able to make the unit even larger by utilizing the outside spaces. Nouvel uses this blending of outdoors and indoors in more than one place within his design. All of the corridors are located outside on the balcony. This gives the whole building a pleasant atmosphere where the line between indoors and out is indistinct.

            A few other amenities that Nouvel included in his design, which I think are very important and effective are: the parking garage located beneath the apartments, the green spaces for each unit and the common spaces through the building. This space includes a small park located in between the two buildings as well as the balconies with seating all along them. Each unit is larger than a standard apartment complex, which Nouvel accomplished by keeping open plans and adding the “back porch” balcony. 

            All of these things together add up to make a very successful housing complex. Not only does it include many wonderful aspects, but also each unit is unique, interesting, and tastefully designed. This complex would be a place that I, as an architect would love to live and I really appreciate the design aspects.

Social Living

By Khris Kirk

With the growing population of the world and the expanding cities, people need places to live. At the beginning of the 20^th century, social housing arose as a means to house the large number of people moving to large cities from the countryside. Large apartment complexes, condominiums, and dorm rooms started to pop up everywhere. At the start of this architecture upbringing, the designs were plain and repetitive. However, after a while, the buildings started to reflect a more individual appearance. Another aspect that was a large influence of building these large apartment complexes was the cost of building them. Jean Nouvel’s Nemausus in Nimes, France, is a prime example of individual style of architecture and fairly cheap cost of building.  

Jean Nouvel was appointed to design a social living building by the mayor of Nimes. He started the project with the idea of giving the resident the maximum space to live in, and to make the apartment more functional in the way the resident actually uses the space. Before Nouvel designed his apartment complex, there was a method designing social housing that made the space not as comfortable for the resident. The bathrooms had no natural lighting; there were hallways, and tight spaces throughout the rooms. Nouvel thought these preconceived ideas of design were wrong and felt the need to design towards the liking of the resident. Therefore, he designed his social housing with the max amount of space and tons of natural lighting.

He went about making the max amount of space by designing the apartment without walls. The most common design throughout the apartment complex has one central shaft in the middle of the apartment that houses restrooms, water and heating, and storage space. Otherwise there is a continuity of space through the whole apartment. There is no defining line between public and private. Another way of making the space appear larger is having the north and south facades having walls of glass and movable, industrial doors. By having the minimalistic apartment, it allows for the tenants to create a space more personal to them.

Continuing on the minimalistic idea, Nouvel designed the whole building with concrete and prefabricated materials. The walls and structure of the building are made of concrete, which allows for the other elements of the building to be prefabricated materials like the fire station doors on the south façade. By having the walls and support be concrete, it allows for 30 percent more space within the apartments and saves money on the building costs.

Another aspect that was kept minimal was the decoration inside the apartments. There are none. All the walls within each apartment were left blank, showing the concrete. This makes the apartments appear unfinished, when they are complete. Nouvel wanted this idea to stay true through all the apartments that he made the tenants sign a contract that says they are not allowed to put anything on the walls or floors like wallpaper or carpet. However, the tenants rebelled and attacked the walls of their home with wallpaper and carpets. They felt the need to personalize their homes, and make the apartments feel less like a prison and more of an inhabitable space. Another down side to the apartment complete is that even though there was a lot of savings that went into building the Nemausus, the tenants have to pay 30 percent more for rent because they have 30 percent more living space.       

Overall, Nouvel has created a very well designed apartment complete by focusing on his minimalistic idea and making the apartment work best for the tenants.

Links:
Nemausus
Flexible Housing
Jean Nouvel-Nemausus 

Designing for the Client

By Abbie Gentry

In an earlier post concerning the Architecture Biennale in Venice, I wrote about the responsibilities of an architect and how “architecture is not only what it looks like, but what it does.” This week I would like to revisit this simple but profound statement. However, rather than exploring the “pro bono” duties, I would like to consider our greatest commission; that is, designing with the sole purpose of supplying the clients with exactly what they request and need. In the Biennale post, I wrote that, as architects, “we are charged with the task to design structurally sound, economical, sustainable buildings that will fulfill all of the needs of the clients and add beauty to the existing environment.”  Jean Nouvel’s Nemausus Social Housing Project in Nimes is, in my opinion, an excellent example of designing with the full intent of answering to the client’s needs while still maintaining artistic freedoms and innovative strategies. Furthermore, this project resonated with me in particular because it reminded me of a design/build project on which I worked this past summer.

Nouvel aimed to design a housing complex that was low budget and cost-effective with larger living spaces for the same cost as regular apartment complexes. He also designed nondescript, multi-functional spaces in order to suit the interior decorating tastes of different residents.  Similarly, the main objective our summer project was to design a pavilion that was low-maintenance, low budget, and multi-functional for the plant nursery in the South Carolina Botanical Gardens (SCBG).

Our professor, Dan Harding, encouraged us to continually consider our basic needs before becoming distracted by details. He gave us the analogy of hitting as many apples as possible with one arrow. Each apple represents a basic need or requirement. If they are all lined up in a row, in order to hit all of them, you have to change the direction of your arrow or, in other words, change your perspective. Therefore, you must always be adapting your perspective and adjusting your design in order to “hit all the apples” and to insure that the design is always functional and necessary. It would appear that Nouvel also constantly considered “his apples” because it very evident that every element of his design is rational and functional.

The two projects compare on many levels. Nouvel’s apartment unit consisted of a free plan arrangement with no interior walls. He deliberately designed the skeleton and infrastructure of the building while leaving the interior “empty and naked”. This allowed the residents to be free from restrictions when arranging their individual apartment spaces. The only permanent elements within the apartments were the placement of the water and light system. Although there were not interior walls, the exterior walls that separated the apartments from the verandas were intended to be mobile and adaptable. These walls were multifunctional because they were sound proof, provided insulation, and were light enough to be easily moved.

Our clients requested a covered space that would provide protection from the elements with a system for secure storage. Because our clients were concerned with weather inhibiting the safety of people during plant sales since it seemed to storm every plant sale day, we were also asked to provide a wall system. Because we did not want to obstruct any of the views of the surrounding gardens and forest on the site, we were hesitant to build a permanent exterior wall structure. Therefore, we proposed a moveable wall system. These walls could be multi-functional in that they would be either slat walls in order to hang merchandise or they would contain louvers that could be open or closed according to the weather in order to allow sunlight into the pavilion or to block out the rain. We also did not want to limit the use of the pavilion with permanent furniture so we designed a mobile counter system. Two counters, each containing shelving, faced each other; one anchored to the floor and the other on a track system. When the counters were moved apart, they created a “cash wrap” which was ideal for separating the vendors from the customers. When pushed and locked together, they provided the secure storage as requested by the clients. Furthermore, when the counters were together, they could function as a table in a classroom setting for events such as planting seminars. To keep with the theme of a free plan, our interior space was open with the exception of a trough that collected rain from an opening in the roof and then allowed the water to overflow into a garden space.

These projects closely relate to one another because both were concerned with creating adaptable spaces. Both involved continuously considering the clients wishes and thereby reining in perhaps grander schemes in order to create practical, flexible spaces. Both, in my opinion, are superb examples of successful architecture.

A close up of the mobile counter system (when closed)

Diagram of how the counters on the track system works

The sliding wall of the SCBG “Rain Garden” Pavilion

Free interior plan and photograph of one of the apartments